Credit NHK News – Fukushima evacuation zone March 2011
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With our short attention span, and the news media’s proclivity for moving on to the next big disaster or story, we often don’t closely follow the struggle to rebuild disaster stricken communities, which can take months or even years.
And for some caught in harm’s way, whose homes and businesses were destroyed - and loved ones lost - there is no going back to the way things used to be.
Not surprisingly, that can produce significant mental and physical health challenges for those affected.
Today we’ve a report out of Japan showing that the earthquake/tsunami of March 2011 that killed more than 20,000 people in Japan also had a long-term, largely unseen, effect on nursing home patients who were forced to evacuate to temporary facilities.
A study shows a 2.4 fold increase in deaths during the 8 months following the earthquake. Deaths not caused by the quake, tsunami, or radiation release itself – but likely brought on by the stress of having to live in make-shift emergency shelters.
A unusually large number of these excess deaths were due to pneumonia or bronchitis, which many attribute to insufficient emergency shelters provided for the elderly and frail.
This report from the Ashasi Simbum.
Death rates spike among elderly evacuees from Fukushima
January 11, 2013
By YURI OIWA/ Staff Writer
Former residents of nursing homes near the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant died at a higher rate than usual in 2011, a study has shown, likely because of the stress of evacuation and having to live in temporary accommodations such as draughty school gyms.
Researchers from the Fukushima Medical University studied reports submitted to the Fukushima prefectural government by 34 institutions for the elderly and found that the death rate over eight months in 2011 was 2.4 times that of the same period in 2010.
A similar result was found in this study of nursing home evacuations from the University of South Florida.
The Effects of Evacuation on Nursing Home Residents With Dementia
Lisa M. Brown, PhD, David M. Dosa, MD, MPH, Kali Thomas, MA, Kathryn Hyer, PhD, MPP, Zhanlian Feng, PhD, Vincent Mor, PhD
Background: In response to the hurricane-related deaths of nursing home residents, there has been a steady increase in the number of facilities that evacuate under storm threat. This study examined the effects of evacuation during Hurricane Gustav on residents who were cognitively impaired.
Conclusions: The findings of this research reveal the deleterious effects of evacuation on residents with severe dementia. Interventions need to be developed and tested to determine the best methods for protecting this at risk population when there are no other options than to evacuate the facility.
We’ve looked at other post-disaster health impacts in the past, such as in Post Disaster Stress & Suicide Rates. One disaster discussed was a 1999 7.3 earthquake that struck in Chi-Chi, Nantou county in central Taiwan killing more than 2,300 people.
A study that subsequently appeared in the Taiwan Journal of Medicine (Disease-specific Mortality Associated with Earthquake in Taiwan Hsien-Wen Kuo, Shu-Jen Wu, Ming-Chu Chiu) found `a considerable increase in the number of suicides after the earthquake’.
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) can often occur in the wake of a disaster or traumatic experience. Symptoms may include anxiety, depression, suicide and PTSD may even lead to drug and alcohol-related disorders.
Victims of personal violence, rescue and medical workers, victims of disasters, terrorism, physical or psychological trauma, and/or a combat zone are all at risk of suffering some level of PTSD.
In Psychological First Aid: The WHO Guide For Field Workers we looked at the need for, and a guide for providing psychological first aid (PFA) in a post-disaster environment.
The CDC also provides a website which contains a number of resources devoted to coping with disasters.
Coping With a Disaster or Traumatic Event
Trauma and Disaster Mental Health Resources
The effects of a disaster, terrorist attack, or other public health emergency can be long-lasting, and the resulting trauma can reverberate even with those not directly affected by the disaster. This page provides general strategies for promoting mental health and resilience. These strategies were developed by various organizations based on experiences in prior disasters.
As does the National Center For PTSD - including videos - on how to provide Psychological First Aid.
A reminder that a disaster’s impact can linger long after the story has fallen off the front pages, and that indirect casualties can follow months after the initial event.
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