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NIAID: 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Protects Mice Against 1918 Flu Virus

 

 


# 4949

 

 

For quite some time we’ve recognized that many of those born before – say, 1957 – have some level of immunity against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus.  The belief has been that those who were around in the 1940s and 1950s were exposed to a similar virus.


Last August, we learned of research out of Vanderbilt University, that showed that survivors of the 1918 pandemic still retained antibodies against that virus, and that they were protective against the 2009 pandemic virus.

 

 

Survivors of 1918 Flu Pandemic Immune 90 Years Later

By Steven Reinberg

Monday, August 18, 2008; 12:00 AM

SUNDAY, Aug. 17 (HealthDay News) -- People who lived through the 1918 flu pandemic that killed 50 million worldwide are still producing antibodies to the virus 90 years later, researchers report.

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Now scientists working with mice and the 1918 Spanish Flu virus have discovered that this cross-protection works both ways – that the vaccine developed against the 2009 virus is protective (in mice, anyway) against the Spanish flu virus.

 

While vaccines against the 2007 strain of seasonal H1N1 provided some immunity, unvaccinated mice and mice only vaccinated against H3N2 all died when challenged by the 1918 virus.


Mice vaccinated against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 all survived that challenge. 

 

This press release appears to builds on similar research described in another press release by the NIH last March entitled 1918 and 2009 Pandemic Influenza Viruses Lack a Sugar Topping.

 


Here is the NIAID press release (slightly reformatted for readability)

 

 
NIH-Funded Scientists Find 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Protects Mice from 1918 Influenza Virus

WHAT:  
Mice injected with a 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine and then exposed to high levels of the virus responsible for the 1918 influenza pandemic do not get sick or die, report scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.

 

The new vaccine works against the old virus because the 1918 and the 2009 strains of H1N1 influenza share features that allow vaccine-generated antibodies to recognize both viruses.

 

To learn more, similar challenge studies need to be conducted in other animals, including monkeys, but the investigators say their results suggest people who are vaccinated against 2009 H1N1 influenza or were exposed to the virus could have similarly cross-protective antibodies against the 1918 strain of H1N1.

 

This finding, they add, should help allay concerns about the potential consequences of an accidental release of the 1918 influenza virus from high-containment laboratories or its possible use as a bioterror weapon.

 

Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Ph.D., of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, led the research. Groups of mice were exposed to lethal amounts of the 1918 influenza virus 14 or 28 days after receiving a 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine; a seasonal H3N2 influenza vaccine (not designed to protect against H1N1 virus); or no vaccine.

 

All of the 2009-H1N1-vaccinated mice survived. Unvaccinated mice and mice that received the H3N2 vaccine all died. (A group of mice vaccinated with a seasonal flu vaccine designed to protect against a 2007 strain of H1N1 were mostly protected from lethal challenge; 80 percent of the mice in that group survived.)

 

The researchers also injected mice with blood serum taken from people who had received 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine. The serum, which contained antibodies against 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, protected the mice from death when they were later exposed to the 1918 H1N1 influenza virus. All the experiments involving the 1918 virus were conducted under biosafety-level-3 conditions.

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